The Positive Impact of Legalizing Marijuana Essay -- Drugs Legalize Le

The Positive Impact of Legalizing MarijuanaFor many years, the United States government has forbid drugs such as marijuana from sale in the marketplace. Yet, with prohibition, marijuana use has decreased only minimally. Because of prohibition, the media has publicized only the bad aspects of marijuana use. What many flock do not realize are the many positive aspects of marijuana legalization, including new medical cures, cleaner and more efficient industry, and reduced marijuana usage. Marijuana, as about people commonly know it, is really a plant called hemp, or cannabis sativa. There are other plants called hemp, but cannabis hemp is the most useful of these plants. Hemp is any durable plant used since prehistory for many purposes. Cannabis is the most durable of the hemp plants, and it produces the toughest cloth, named canvass. The cannabis plant also produces leash other very important products that other plants do not (in usable form) seed, pulp, and medicine. To understand why hemp is illegal, it is necessary that we take a look at the law prohibiting hemp today. The law that prohibits hemp is called the Comprehensive Drug Abuse and Control Act of 1970. The Comprehensive Drug Abuse and Control Act of 1970 (Public legal philosophy 91-513) overhauled the nations drug regulation apparatus. Title II of the law, known as the Controlled Substances Act, established criteria for determining which drugs should be controlled, mechanisms for reducing the availability of controlled drugs, and a structure of penalties for illegal distribution and possession of controlled drugs. Marijuana, hashish, and THC are listed in Schedule I, the most restrictive classification. We also have to understand the reasons why marijuana, the drug,... ...dystonia can also attest to benefits derived from bullet marijuana. In 1981, it was reported that patients with idiopathic dystonia improved when they smoked marijuana. This is a group of disorders characterized by abnormal mov ements and postures resulting from prolonged spasms or muscle contractions. Animal studies confirmed that cannabinoids force have antidysotonic properties, and scientists undertook another human experiment in 1986 that showed the same results. There are many uses for marijuana, and many are unexplored. Actually, some are explored in perspicaciousness because of interest, and others are left behind. There are probably many other uses that have not been found because of the lack of experimentation on the drug as a whole. If the drug is legalized, there will be much more research done on the drug, and hopefully the drug will begin to be approved for use.

Intolerance: Minority Group and Society Essay

1. What are some of the ways groups of passel are identified? in that location are umteen ways that a group of people can be identified but the four criteria for classifying minority groups are race, ethnicity, religion, and gender. Race is principally contumacious by the color of some wizs skin, hair (in some instances eyes), height, and bone structure of the human body big head, narrow eyes, tall short. Ethnicity is determined by where you were born and raised and what cultural patterns.Religion and is determined by what your beliefs and religious group you are a part of. Gender is determined comfortably enough but it does matters if you are male or female for the fact that each is treated differently. Males seem to have it easy most of the time and adult female are always treated as though they are weaker. These four criterias are the main ones but there are so many more such as age, disability status, physical appearance, and sexual orientation they all are used to group p eople.There is always some other constituent that is sometimes over looked and that is our appearance skinny, fat and even what we wear are we well dressed and clean all of the time or are we in regular day to day clothes or are we dressed in rags torn, ripped and dirty clothing. Also there is the money factor how much does one have or dont have to many people the money factor matters most people kindred to know that they know people with money.Are these people wealthy with more money than they will ever soy need or do they just have enough or do they struggle or worse yet do they not have anything leaving them going from home to home or street to street or going to government and privet programs for help. 2. Why do people label and group other people? I have thought about this question and it do me clear that not only do people label and group other people but we also label ourselves putting ourselves in categories that enjoy us. Plus it gives us our sense of belonging to so mething that most people need to feel.Getting back to the question I think it is something that we all do whether we realize it or not. Labeling and grouping help people to determine who we should or who we should not interact with. It helps people and sometimes it does just the opposite and destroys people its like having a power a power to have some control over other people. I can almost see it in another time a man running through the streets with a label machine placing labels on everyones forehead yelling You are who I declare you are Scary thought We constantly label people in a negative light due to difference of opinion due to religion, governmental view, sexual preference, parenting method you name it we do it, even children do this and it is not done intentionally they were not taught this, too me it almost seems like it is a abnegation mechanism keeping themselves even ourselves safe from what we may consider to be harmful. In the end people are just that people we ar e zero point more and nothing less.People label others either to feel empowered or to praise someone but in the end we are adult male Beings and that is it. We may think and act differently but we are what we are and if people could just except that then the future might not ever have to deal with the positive and mainly the negative effects that come with being labeled and tossed into a group that was thought up by others. Resources Schaefer, R. T. (2012). (Ch. 1 & 2) Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall.

Tracka History

Tracks are the bars that chain e precise life-full and lifeless life. It is the indicate of being and not being and yet it has no reason to its aver being The Journey of human life Initiates on an aching racecourse Inside a human life. It Is by this way that every track is born from an existing track to give birth to a new track with the pain and strive for its survival. The birth of a new track, the birth ball human life continues the agony of Its Journey under Its crafting and being crafted. The track hen widens and branches into various phases that life has to undergo.Every life possesses its own track which lays a rummy awe of colors, hearts, and aromas. The human elite begins with the fetal pain and enters the cheerful, merry phase to childhood which is the enlivening arrival of the tracks among separate tracks. It chirps with hues of innocence and freedom and the sweet flavor of inexperience and gullibility. Then the phase to adolescence is hoot-marked by the tracks with hues of upcoming maturity and yet instability, impulsiveness, and sentimental blows, lush and gleam, Inquisitiveness and irresistibility and the sweet fragrance of a intrigue sense of growing up and yet being juvenile.It is all because of the tracks that change their routes and shapes. Then the youth spreads its golden wings with the flavor of velour, passion, potency, piquancy, gallantry. It Is also with beauty and faculty and the vigor that love adores in it pours in its thrilling attraction towards other tracks, perception to coalesce with another track to beat as one and to take another out of Its existence. It Is these tracks that bloom relationships as hey connect each other. It is also a sense of belonging, a sense of disparity amalgamated with hot exuberance that also leads to confrontations between lives and hence tracks.It Is then that tracks bring human life to adulthood with compassion and ripened maturity with parenthood and sympathy, with Indulgence. Perception a nd harmony towards other beings. It is here that the tracks start to ripen, to make a realization of responsibilities, the ultimate goal of tracks. Then the tracks wrinkle and decolonize, they meager, leaving as much residual wisdom as Seibel drooping off the lives, growing old, fragile and shaky and finally hand over the bunch to experiences to other tracks to lay hints tort lives to go on and on, up to now hopeless it may seem to be.The scrawny tracks switch but are yet immortal, as they lay behind evergreen generations. Similarly, the Journey of a ejaculate begins in DARK TRACKS, deep beneath the earth with immense trepidation and yet hopes to have an acquaintance with light, knowing not of the slaughtering and exterminating heat that accompanies It. The suffocating set out striving for growth ruminates, Witt the branching up to its painful track to soar high above earth yet remain anchored and grounded to its roots. The tracks stimulate its germination to the seedling phase, go through the resources and the efforts to lead its formation.It grows with traits of tenderness, softness, and delicacy. The seedling, along with the widening of tracks widens and blooms into a plant and then into a kind tree. It is then that the tracks take them to places where they have to pay the returns and much more than that utilized. They shed and regret endlessly, with heir fruits given happily or rather taken happily They serve their master tracks- the human beings as givers. And perhaps sacrifice their lives by letting us brutally cut off their tracks. And then the tracks fall as the life falls.A non- spirit being also has an transit of its own, often unnoticed. The draw enters its expedition with a sense of completeness, wholeness, vividness, originality and totality unlike the living ones. It then enters a phase of sharpening that sets its Journey on until it sheds itself. The tracks gradually become narrower and shrink as they succeed. The pencil harpers itself, ho ping to improve the marks it leaves, to paw mark itself to serve its master-the human being, who though is the creator of the pencil, is not the creator of its tracksIt then feeds marking and blackening and writing lives losing its own And then as it feels its growing the precedence of tracks deteriorate its existence. The only difference between Journey of a life-full and a lifeless one is that tracks make the condition grow up as they change, whereas the latter shrinks down. The formers life is so simply started that it makes it complicated whereas the latters life s so complicatedly started that it ends simply. It is the beauty and magnificence of tracks that though they retrogress significance without a traveler, they are not created by the travelers.Although they provide choices to go on, they bind us in chains somewhere in time of which we go through when weve lost the assumed control. They also depict and bring correspondence to all prisoners despite their uniqueness and d isparity. It dissolves the boundary of poor and rich, masculine and feminine, black and white, strong and feeble, animals and plants and to an extent- living and non-living Every track has a Journey- whether a Eng one or a short one, a complete one or an incomplete one.The Journey though different, is always amongst and with all tracks. Every Journey has a purpose and the tracks are those which chain them to it, and so it fulfils its being. Be it Journeys of living beings or of non living beings, all tracks mingle in one point Just as they are born out of the hands of one single creator- the almighty. Here, I remember of a very famous truth, Dust thou art, to dust returnees. They circle around one single destination- death, closure, end . Every track ends, what differs is Just the pace of ending, it is Just the quite a little of

China trade performances and policies

Consumption Behavior mainland chinaware is the pieces largest car market. By the end of 2012 the number of motor icicles reached 109. 4 gazillion in chinaware. China produced 19. 3 million cars in 2012. China is the populaces largest mobile phone market, with over 1. 1 billion subscribers at the end of 2012. China is the second largest prodigality goods market in the world, after Japan, and China is the second largest market for cinema, after the US. Between 1949 and 1979, a total of 280,000 Chinese traveled abroad. In 2012, 83 million Chinese citizens do Journeys abroad. Household consumption as a percentage of GAP is among the lowest of any major economy, at around 34% in 2011, which remained nearly unchanged since 2006.Introduction on China Trade Policies China foreign trade in the past year The trade history of China is sheathful for how it has affected global production and earnings in poor and rich countries. Many analysts view China s recent dominance primarily as the result of the post-1978 reforms. The overall frugal system after 1949 was modeled after the Soviet Union, and raised savings from the rural sector in order to take in industrial production. Foreign trade was generally conducted by state enterprises that had limited incentives to ope crop efficiently because their position was not contested by competition. The verbal government adopted by China was geared towards self-sufficiency and import substitution, which as such was not atypical for a relatively poor country during this period.Never the less, China s own trade regime together with the trade liberalizing of the GATE member countries meant that Chinas role in the world trade shrank after 1949. While in front World War II China Accounted for around 2% of the worlds imports plus exports, estimates suggest that Chinas share had fallen by the asses to around 1 . 7% and by the asses to around 0. 7%. The quantitative information on Chinas foreign during the period 1949-1979 is ver y emitted and it corresponds to the small net gains that China was expecting to reap from participation in world trade. Foreign trade data of China was collected, as in most other countries, in the process of administrating trade taxes through customs.Chinas share in world trade did not change much between 1970 and 1978, while after 1978 China s share increased substantially, consistent with a trade liberalizing push of the 1978 reforms. Other breakpoints occurred around 1990 and around 2000, and in each case the rate at which China gains in terms of the world trades eave increased, with China s rate of rate of trade growth increasing overall during this period. Between 1978 and 1990, trade growth is 7. 5%, between 1990 and 2000 it comes to 13. 5%, and between 2000 and 2007 it is 16. 2%. An important event that strengthened China s foreign trade ties further is it accession to the World Trade Organization.China foreign trade today On December from 2001, China became the 43rd member country of the World Trade Organization after 16 years of negotiations. To honor its commitments upon entry into the WTFO, China expanded its opening-up in the handle of industry, agriculture and the services trade, and accelerated trade and investment facilitation and liberalizing. Meanwhile, the state deepened the reform of its foreign trade administrative intervention, rationalized government responsibilities in foreign trade administration, made government behavior more open, more impartial and more transparent, and promoted the development of an open economy to a new stage. Expediting improvements to the legal system for foreign economic relations and trade.After its entry into the WTFO, China reviewed over 2,300 laws and regulations, and departmental rules. Those that did not accord with WTFO rules and Chinas commitments upon entry into the WTFO were abolished or rewrite. Administrative licensing procedures are concentrated and regulated in the revised laws and regulations , and a legal system of trade promotion and remedy has been established and improved. In accordance with the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) administered by the WTFO, China revised its laws and regulations and Judicial interpretations related to intellectual property rights, and thereby constructed a complete legal system that conforms to Chinas actual notations and international practices.Taking further measures to lower dutys and reduce non-tariff measures. During the transitional period following Chinas entry into the WTFO, the general level of Chinas import tariffs was lowered from 15. 3% in 2001 to 9. 9% in 2005. By January 2005, the majority of Chinas tariff reduction commitments had been fulfilled China had removed non-tariff barriers, including quota, licensing and designated bidding, measures concerning 424 tariff lines, and only retained licensing administration over imports that are controlled for the sake of public safety and th e environment in line tit international conventions and WTFO rules. By 2010 Chinas overall tariff level had dropped to 9. 8% 15. % in the case of agricultural products and 8. 9% in the case of industrial products. Since 2005, China has completely maintained its bound tariff rate.

Hostile Mint Case Study

Case 1 Hostile Mint its probably the culture place you might expect to find a hostile work environment. First of all, its a federal workplace. And even more surprising, its heavily guarded against intrusion. But the situation inside the U. S. Mint in Denver was anything but a safe place for 71 women who brought a malady to the expertnesss equal employment opportunity (EEO) officer in 2003. When the organizers of the guardianship began to fear that they were the investigation targets instead of the complaints, 32 of the women decided to take the matter to the U. S. compeer Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Their contention The Denver Mint was a hostile work environment. These allegations were the culmination of a number of incidents that had occurred over a bulky period of time. The Denver Mint, which opened in 1863, has 414 employees, of which 93 are women. one and only(a) woman who started working at the Denver Mint in 1997 said, She found the glory completely hosti le toward females. When she filed an EEO charge look ating discrimination, she was retaliated against by having most of her job duties redelegate and being required to work at home.Events leading to the current complaint started in 2001, when some other female employee who was inspecting a mens room for cleanliness saw a loose ceiling tile, removed it, and found 40 to 50 sex magazines. around months later, this same employee was checking for rats in an attic and found a stash of pornographic magazines. Both times she made these discoveries, she was with a male colleague. Later, she would say in a statement given to the main office of the U. S. Mint that to her knowledge no action was every taken to address the situations.Another female employee filed a claim of retaliation and sexual harassment with the facilitys EEO officer in 2000. It was 2003 before she got a hearing with the EEOC and an administrative judge ruled in esteem of the Mint. However, when she filed her claims in federal court in 2005, a jury found that she worked in an environment hostile to women and awarded her $80,000. In 2001, the facilitys new superintendent held a womens forum attended by the then-director of the U. S. Mint. However, the highest-ranking woman at the Denver Mintthe administrative services chief, Beverly MandigoMilnesaid, Nothing changed. The final straw that triggered the complaint was the demotion of the mints acting EEO manager in February 2003. The month after the demotion, the 71 women filed the petition alleging a hostile work environment. An individual from the San Francisco Mint was assigned to investigate however, the women claimed that the investigation never focused on the facts, but on Milne. One of the women said, They believed that Beverly coerced everyone into filing the petition. That was when 32 of the women took the matter to the EEOC.Despite the filed petition, hostile situations still continued. One woman said that in 2004, a male co-worker offer ed to pay her for sex. Another woman said that after she returned after a short mourning leave following her husbands death in 2005, a male supervisor propositioned her. On March 31, 2006, the U. S. Mint and the female employees who had filed the class complaint reached a proposed settlement. The terms of the settlement included a payment of $8. 9 million for damages, fees, and costs. The joint press release of the United States Mint and Class Couns

Bisexuality Politicised Essay

This paper asks the question how bottom emasculateity be or become a danger to the dominant agitateual script which I problematise as produced racism, sexism, homophobia, and monosexism. That this brand of straighta courseity occupies 99% of our cultural space in entertain workforcet, schooling, history and public expression and is considered inevitable and unchallengable for 90% of quite a littles relationships is, I leave argue, the success of unclouded patriarchal science. I intend to show the nature of this victory and imagine what counter struggle and victories might emerge from the site of my sissifiedity.The Historical office of Biphopia- Policing the Treaty. Underpinning this paper is the belief in that m any(prenominal) if not all heterosexual identifying people arsehole be bisexual and that the majority argon to some(prenominal) purpose not privately monosexual. The majority status of bisexuality does not make it normal nor ideal however I work forcetion it because it is important to see to it that the invisibleness of bisexuality requires extraordinary effort to maintain and its repression occurs against all people not just a few raw(a) bisexuals.To understand the historical fibre that biphobia has played and the historical position of bisexuality it is necessary to recognise homosexuality as a creation of western patriarchal and homophobic medical science. Women extradite always loved women and men have always loved men precisely the chassisification of these experiences as a sexuality with little or no element of choice and a biological or individual psychological can was effrontery currency in the 19th century by a professional socio-economic class that reverenceed same sex desire.Their structure of homosexuality shaped and informs Western cultural understanding of sexuality not in the first send out because of its subject matterfulness to those whom it defines just presently because of its indispensableness to th ose who define themselves against it. (Segal, L. p145) for it was and is needed not sole(prenominal) for the persecutory regulation of a nascent minority of distinctly homosexual men (and women) but in like manner for the regulation of the male (and female person) homosocial bonds that structure all culture at any rate all public or heterosexual culture. (Eve Sedgewick in Segal, L.pp194-5) Early psychoanalytical texts were quite explicit that the project was to police all male and female relationships warning teachers and parents not to take too lightly friendships among girls which become passionate and friendship to be more concerned with the degree of heterosexuality or homosexuality in an individual than they are with the question of whether he has ever had an experience of either sort. The real danger from homosexuality was seen to lie not in actual sex association but in homosexual attitudes towards life much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the cast out attitudes of thou sands of women toward men, marriage and family life influenced by latent homosexuality for neurotic attitudes about love and marriage can prove contagious. (Caprio, F. pp 6 -11) Generally, preceding to this the western world had relied on Christianity to dictate the name of sexuality. Whether sexual attraction was natural was no defence under a regime which tended to view natural sexual desires as needing control from a religious authority. The medical establishment faced the dilemma of replacing religious authorities without having any utilitarian basis for the repression of same sex desire.The construction of homosexuality as a distinct condition was to define normality as exclusive heterosexuality. In fact heterosexuality was simply the condition of being human. Sexual behaviour became a product of a persons condition the human condition producing normal heterosexual behaviour. There was in a flash no need for a religious justification for preferencing the heterosexual over the homosexual because behaviour was not a matter of choice but a matter of whether or not you were ill Well or sane people simply didnt want to have sex with people of their receive sexual practice.This was presented as a more humane response to homosexuality than religious condemnation or incarceration. Psychiatrists often called themselves compassionate as they argued for an adoption of scientific healthful responses to homosexuality. (Caprio, F, p. xi) The majority airy and lesbian grounds accepted the shifting of sexuality into an area for science and have embraced the notion of a biological basis or early psychological basis for sexuality. Their fight has largely been for homosexuality to be treated as incurable and it follows natural and equally valid alternative to heterosexuality, jettisoning any agenda to argue that is better.Only a minority have argued that homosexuality is a political choice and an option for every one. With both sides ceasing hostilities1, when hom osexuality was delisted as a mental illness in 1973 (Altman,D. ,p5), institutionalised heterosexuality and gays and lesbians overt avocations have moved to coincide. Victories to normalise homosexuality also normalise heterosexualitys say-so by depoliticising sexuality in general. In 1993 when a homosexuality gene was discovered a genetic basis for the majority status of heterosexuality was created though not declared.Anyone who would argue that the commonality of heterosexuality might have some subject to do with social programming and institutional support can now be tell to be messing with nature. The proud bisexual threatens this peaceful coexistence of the heterosexual majority and homosexual minority. Recognition of our bisexuality requires a validation of our sexual relationships with people of our avouch gender based on choice rather than the agreed legitimate biological basis. Such choice may be personal or circumstantial but also political or moral.Normalising bisexua lity with a biological cause wont defuse its threat though it could contain it if it relegates us to a fixed minority status. Society all the same has to reckon with why we choose to validate relationships with people of our own gender by identifying as bisexual. We open up old debates that many who have found safety in a biological basis for their monosexual identity want to keep closed. (I will revisit this fear in the last section, androgyny and the Future when I discuss Bi supremacy. ) A bisexual identity simply has to be defined as illogical or an exception to the rule.Individuals have to be pressured to fit themselves into one or the other category. In a secular society without moral taboos people cant be allowed to entertain the idea that their partners gender is political. Also, understandably gays and lesbians know those moral taboos still hold significant power so many still see their best option as policing the treaty based on the attribution of their sexuality to a b iological or psychological cause. Bisexuality and realization Withdrawing our support for the status quo.The bisexual identifying person is not predominantly someone who feels attraction equally to both genders or without any reference to gender2 and in terms of actual sexual or emotional experience the majority could be classified as predominantly homosexual or heterosexual. Why then, dont you call yourself gay or straight? is the inevitable response to this confession. And confession it feels like because to indicate a leaning puts at risk the validity given to a bisexual identity within contemporary discourse.Sexual expression is usually presented as representative of some social occasion innate rather than a mediation surrounded by a person and their world. Consequently the woman who says she usually finds women easier to make emotional connections with is seen to be describing her innate difficulty emotionally connecting with men rather than her experience of men and their culture. Asserting a bisexual identity in the face of this invalidation is about contextualising sexual responses rather than finding invisible internal reasons for them.A bisexual identity in the above circumstance keeps open the possibility that a preference for emotional relationships with women could qualify if men and male culture changed. Alternatively a preference for sex with men might be attributable to homophobia. (Weinberg, M. S. , p221) The reasons for choices are not always positive ones but the possibility for counter argument exists. keeping onto a bisexual identification based on potentiality, forswears the conservatism of describing reality by the status quo. til now a bisexual identity is also part an attempt to accurately relate personal history as well and this too has a radical power. Most monosexual identifications represent people only by concealing some bisexuality. By identifying as bisexual a person accepts and celebrates those aspects of their life tha t are inconsistent with a monosexual identity. The power of metanarratives within modernism, including descriptions of sexuality, relies on such inconsistencies being deemed insignificant. Hence a public bisexual identity is a confrontation of generalist theories with lived experience.If people promote such a solidarity with their experiences and the people who set up them that is greater than any to a proposed theory then expounders of metanarratives (including myself) will lose power. Our authority to dictate from above will be replaced by a deconcentrate authority based on being up close to our own reality. Bisexuality and other oppressions. sex activity forms alliances across genders, ethnicities, and classes so any bisexual feat which fails to take gender, race or class issues into account poses a real danger of obscuring differences and concealing oppression.(This is also true for a multiplicity of issues such as disability or mental illness). My discussion of bisexuality and other basis for oppression are not intended to present bisexual identification as the panacea of the worlds ills. Social change must be inspired by a diversity of experience and informed by a range of critiques. presumption the above it is presumptious for me as a half(a)-wog male to seek to resolve ongoing debates about a bisexual political agenda among feminist women or debates among vague women and men on how to connect bi pride with anti-racism.To do so would be to pretend that I can speak from only my bisexuality and allow any livid, male perspctive. As a long term unemployed person I believe I can speak on class issues from the inside to some extent but also still acknowledge the privelage of my university education. This is not to say that I think that sexism is a womens issue or that the debt instrument for opposing racism is solely non- neats. Nor am I comfortable being accountable to lesbian or straight feminists on the issue of bisexual profeminism or placing be yond reproach the homophobia of some black liberationist theorists like Eldrige Cleaver.What to speak on and when in regard to a radical bisexualitys impact on patriarchal, white supremist and class oppresion is best defined as problematic. As a simple way out I hope to show how I see a politicised bisexuality contributes to my pro-feminism, anti-racism and support for class struggles. It is my hope that this will have relevance for a wider audience. Radical Bisexuality and Pro-feminism. Judith Butler states that the heterosexualisation of desire requires and institutes the achievement of clear-cut and assymetrical oppositions amid womanly and masculine identities. (Segal, L. p190) Monique Wittig goes further to argue that a womans place in heterosexuality is a class of oppression and that the lesbian escapes her class position. (Wittig, M, p. 47) I agree that hetero-sexuality (literally a sexuality based on opposites) reproduces and supports womens oppression in other spheres by creating a binary gender system. Men need to realise that their love for women is problematic when it is that love of the feminine identity that belongs to this sytem. This is the attraction for the other and requires womens difference to be exaggerated and emphasised.These exaggerations shape women as not-men go we men shape ourselves and are shaped into embodiments of the ideal. The seeming irony of male heterosexuality where women are objects of love being consistent with misoginy where women are objects of hate makes perfect signified through the operation of oppositional heterosexuality precisely because the love requires women to be less than men. A love that does not require partners to be different than ourselves is not executable within exclusive heterosexuality because it fails to provide the argument to repress same sex desire.It is necessary for heterosexual men to confront their homophobia which demands they repress or corrupt their same sex desire before they can love their female partners as their own kind and not another species. An additional benifit to patriarchate of discrete gender identities that is liable to be lost when men reject oppositional heterosexuality is the regulation of male social interaction. The arguments to exclude gay men from the military scupper the mindset deemed necessary to produce a war machineWe are asking men in combat to do an essentially irrational thing put themselves in a position where they are likely to get killed One of the few ways to persuade men to do that is to appeal to their maleness You cannot have an adrogynous military The idea that fighting is a masculine trait runs deep. As a cultural trait it predates any written history. It may point be a genitic trait Just think what it would mean to demasculinize combat. The effect on combat effectiveness might be catastrophic. Charles Moskos, armed forces Socioligist quoted in Colonel R. D.Ray, Military Necessity and homoeroticism (GaysIn or Ou t, p63) It is regrettable that non-heterosexual men and many women are proving they too can make excellent soldiers. 3 tho the above quote exaggerates a fact that male buddy relationships are relied on by the military and that this requires a repression of same sex desire. This is because same sex desire is preferential it is not a love of all men equally but of a few and potentially for a time. The same-sex loyalty that is demanded by patriarchy including its military needs the stability of exclusive heterosexuality ..the recognition of homosexuality is a threat to that peculiar combination of male comradeliness and hierachy on which most organisations depend sexual desire is too anarchic, too disrespectful of established boundaries to be trusted. (Altman, D. p63) Unravelling their heterosexuality is not the most important thing men must do to support feminism however it is a legitimate part of this support for it is the repressed recognition of this fact (that everyone can be homosexual) that does much to fuel homophobia, but equally acts so as to promote male bonding and certain crucial authority structures. (Altman D. ,p XI) Radical Bisexuality and racialism. The construction of homosexuality as a natural difference from the heterosexual norm shares and competes for the same conceptual space as constructions of race as biological differences from the white norm. This is particularly true because the hetrosexual ideal is represented as white with the sexuality of non-whites traditionally seen as untamed, violent, promiscuous or otherwise deviant even if heterosexual. Non-whites are considered only ever partly heterosexual while white queers are considered not proper whites.The competition for the limited conceptual space has led to historical difficulites in linking white supremacy with heterosexism (exacerbated by white queer activists own racial interests) and in fact has unwittingly linked Gay Power with white power. Homosexuality as a race has deve loped into a gay and lesbian ethnicity. For whites under racism where their whiteness is considered the norm and consequently unnamed, this ethnicity is their only ethnicity, the lesbian/gay language their only language, and lesbian/gay history their only history, to the point that it is not seen as a difference within whiteness but a difference from whiteness.(Blasingame, p52) While we (white queers) are unconscious of our whiteness queer cultural politics consequently becomes a way of colonising non-white cultures with a new white culture, white leaders and white history in a particularly insidious way. While not as powerful as heterosexual institutions for people wanting to be publicly non-heterosexual we have considerable power in the framing of beauty along racist lines, in the support of white non-heterosexual bourgeoius or political leaders and in the very conceptualisation of sexuality.As one example Brenda Marie Blasingame in Bisexuality and Feminism speaks of a history of sexuality in U. S. black communities which did not include placing people in particular boxes and accepted the practice of bisexuality. A part of moving into the white gay and lesbian movement for her was the requirement to come out as a specific sexuality and accept the marginalisation of bisexuals. For many people who are not white taking up a gay or lesbian and to a different extent bisexual identity requires an abandonment of their own ethnic politcal identity or view. (Blasingame, pp. 51 53)The common conceptual space of non-heterosexual and non-white however can and should however produce queer anti-racism provided white queers realise that this conception of their sexuality is wrong. There is a shared interest in anti-racism and anti-heterosexism in critiqing normalcy and naturalness. As only one example the construction of beauty posits that naturally Gentlemen prefer Blondes. Not only is this sexist for reducing women to a hair colour (and the Blonde is meant to be read as a woman) but it is heterosexist and clearly as racist as Gentlemen prefer whites when Blonde is only a white persons natural hair colour.When we politicise our sexuality we can open up not only the arguments against heterosexual dominance but the arguments against the sexual sterotypes of non-whites including the framing of Asian men as young girls represented in this regrettable quote from the 70s clip Gay Power I dig beautiful oriental men. Asking me to frighten off at them is the same thing as asking heterosexual soldiers to shoot at beautiful young girls that they would like to fuck. (Teal, D. p99) Radical Bisexuality and Class.It is worth noting that capitalism which I understand as the continual oppression of the worthless that patriarchy is for women is no longer wedded to heterosexuality in Western affluent nations as it has been in the past. This is because Western nations are primarily consumer societies of fairly easily produced goods (easily because their productio n is either located in the Third World or in the Quattro Monde the world of the Western underclass or because their production is automated).Western capitalism can therefore relax the restraint and repression which was necessary to both control factory floors and ensure a ready supply of human capital through reproduction. (Altman D, p90) break dance of this is also due to unemployment and global capital mobility being sufficient to obtain cheap labour and another contributing factor has been Western women raising their education so they are more useful in employment than at home. Also marriage was the institution by which women were given the role of providing a intact range of services capitalism wouldnt such as aged care and child raising as well as supporting grown men.Now many of these services are provided by profitable private institutions so traditional marriages are actually in competition with capitalism. Of course the worlds poor cant afford these services and Thirld World countries remain supportive of compulsory heterosexuality (Altman, D, p90) but in the Western consumer-capitalism there is a an interest to increase consumption through the market of previous services fulfilled by womens unpaid labour. In order to perpetuate consumption produce capitalism must also locate new disatisfactions like teenage angst, at an alarming rate while also offering at a price their answer.In this context gay, lesbian and even bisexual identities as well as transgenderism, S+M and fetish celebrations are eagerly embraced by many industries as the basis for new markets. Our anxiety for recognition, meaning, ceremony and a positive celebration of our sexuality are easily exploitable. one of the possible negative side-effects of the popularity of lesbian chic was that it codes lesbianism as merely a kind of fashion statement, something that requires certain consumer goods to mark the individual as lesbian. (Newitz & Sandell)Bisexuals have to be mindful that w hile we seek recognition, capitalism is looking for new markets and while these interests coincide this will only be true for those of us who can afford it and it will be on the backs of the worlds poor problematic in the production of our new consumerables and bearing the greatest brunt of the waste from our new consumption. One positive way to resist becoming merely another market is by applying the awareness of the political nature of sexual desire to the desire for consumer goods and services.Both desires are constructed to coiffure particular interests and not fundamentally our own. Through working to ensure that all of our desire works for liberation we will resist commodification as we achieve recognition. Bisexuality and the Future To outline what I see as the goal of Radical Bisexuality I will illustrate two scenarios depicting false victories and one which I believe genuinely opens up the greatest possibility for liberation. Scenario 1. Recognition of bisexuality as a th ird alternative way that people unchangably are.To some extent as I have said earlier this cant overcome the capacity of bisexuals to fit in as straight and thus cant conceal the choice to embrace the homosexuality within the heterosexual that they represent. However there are arguments that could be presented that bisexuals have to express their same sex desire or become depressed (go mad). These arguments could form the basis of depoliticising and medicalising bisexuality as has been done with homosexuality.This may make bisexual lives easier to defend and add to the options for young people but relegates bisexuals to the same minority status as is currently given to gays and lesbians. Most people who admit to pleasing their own gender in straight society would face the same oppression bisexuals now face as heterosexual experimenters and recruitment of the majority would be difficult as they would remain true heterosexuals as unable to change as true bisexuals or gays and lesbian s.Further it could also trade the oppression that is invisibility for bisexuals with the oppression that is hyper-visibility for straight men and women, and increasingly gays and lesbians. Having recognised sexualitys repression but not its production we will be easily exploitable by capitalism and our liberation may mean as being as marketed to and ritutalised as heterosexuality. Scenario 2. Bisexuality is considered the only natural sexuality which equates it with the only right sexuality. good faith would be patholigised along with homosexuality as both are considered to have unnatural blocks to loving one or the other gender. This is Bisexual Supremacy which I acknowledge as a justification for gays and lesbians to distrust bisexuals. While it is unlikely to be widely accepted it is possible that it could dominate queer spaces as a pocket of resistance to heterosexual dominance in the same way as celebrations of gay and lesbian purity have. It is certainly more likely to be targ etted at lesbians and gays than straights and while this is the fault of heterosexisms power, not my own, it must be refuted.This is not to say that politicising sexuality will not require some gay men in particular to reassess their rhetoric. Mysoginistic comments which denegrate womens bodies deserve political criticism and cant be assured the right to be accepted. However the wider charge of institutionalising the sexual oppression of women and supporting male social bonding cant be levelled at male homosexuality and certainly not at lesbianism. Indeed at certain points in the struggle against institutionalised oppression different sexual identifications and choices will be appropriate.Because bisexuality is as confer a sexuality choice as any other and not a submission to some biological imperative (and even if it were I reject the claim that naturalness equals rightness) we cant claim an non-contextual ideal status. Its political usefulness is only that of any tactic relative both to the circumstances and to the person, meaning that for some and at some times other sexual choices and identifications are more appropriate. Bisexual supremacy also prioritises the effort to be bisexual over other efforts to unravel heterosexist, patriarchal and racist programming.I have already stressed the need for a variety of critiques of power to inform social change which Bisexual supremacy ignores. In particular men in relationships with women need to realise that doing their share of the housework is far more meaningful than maintaining or ontogeny their capacity to love other men. Scenario 3. The Dream. Realising our sexualities are scripted will hopefully prompt redrafts along feminist, anti-racist and anti-capitalist lines. No-one should be the sole author of this project even with their own sexuality as we all need to listen to the perspectives our privelages rob us off.Certainly a part of this will be a dialogue between political lesbians, bisexuals and straight women which already has a history and whose future I dont want to conclude. Consequently my dream is vague. What I dont see in this future is the fetishisation of wealth, whiteness or gendered difference. Women in relationships with men will recieve support and encouragement as full humans. Advertisers will be incapable(p) of capturing our consumption with snake oil as we demand economic production satisfy new needs that we create, for justice and community.Pleasure including sexual pleasure will mean enjoying our values not forgetting them. Bisexuality like other sexualities will have to argue its political legitimacy but not its existance. Sexual identifications such as Confused may replace bisexual for many if it is recognises more of their personal truth and political terms like Anti-racist may be key elements of sexual identification. Radical bisexuality wont end all struggles but the raw energy of sexuality will be accountable to and in the employ of the great project of imp roving the world .Bibliography Altman, Dennis, The Homosexualisation of America, The Americanization of the Homosexual, St. Martins Press, New York, 1982 Sedgewick, E. K. , How to Bring Your Kids Up Gay, pp. 69 81, Fear of a Queer orbiter Queer Politics and Social Theory, Warner,M. (Editor), University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1993 Segal, Lynne, Straight Sex Rethinking the Politics of Pleasure, University of California Press, U. S. A. , 1994. Foucalt, Michel, The History of Sexuality, Volume 1An Introduction, Allen Lane, London, 1978 Newitz, A. and J.Sandell,Bisexuality And How To Use It Toward a Coalitional identity Politics, Bad Subjects, Issue 16, October 1994 Caprio, F. S. M. D. Female HomosexualityA Psychodynamic study of Lesbianism, The Citadel Press, New York, 1954 Weinberg,M. S. , C. J. Williams, D. W. Pryor, Dual Attraction Understanding Bisexuality, Oxford University Press, Inc. , New York, 1994 Blasingame, B. M. , The Roots of Biphobia Internalised Racism and Internalised Heterosexism in Closer to Home Bisexuality and Feminism, Edited by E. R. Wise, Seal Press, U. S. A. , 1992 Colonel R.D. Ray, Military Necessity and Homosexuality , reprinted in GaysIn or Out The U. S. Military & Homosexuals A Source book, Brasseys, March 1993. Teal D. , The Gay Militants, Stein and Day Publishers, New York, 1971. Wittig, M. , The Straight Mind and Other Essays, Beacon Press. Boston, 1992 Descriptors for Sexual Minorities Front paginate What is h2g2? Whos Online Write an Entry Browse Announcements Feedback h2g2 Help RSS Feeds Contact Us Like this page? Send it to a friend Descriptors for Sexual Minorities Asexuality HomosexualityHeterosexuality Bisexuality Polyamory The Kinsey Scale The Gender Pronoun Game Coming Out Embarrassing Questions About Sexual Orientation Going Back In Sexuality U-turns Modern culture has developed a number of terms and symbols to set apart its sexual minorities. Some of these originated within the different communities themselves. Others evolved from scientists, psychologists, legislators, and newspaper reporters trying to sop up their gay, bisexual, transsexual, and polyamorous subjects. Many include obscure references to history that go largely unrecognized. Words LesbianThe word lesbian comes from the Greek island Lesbos, where the poet Sappho lived in 600 BC. Sappho wrote numerous poems about her female love, most of which were destroyed by religious fanatics during the Middle Ages. While the first usage of the word lesbian is unknown, it was used in several academic books as early as 1880. The word became more popular during the 20th Century, especially during the feminist era. The term lesbian separatist was commonly used to distinguish feminists who wished to neutralize the company of men altogether. Fag, Faggot, Fag Hag Fag and faggot are American bruises for gay men.The term faggot first started being used in this way in around 1914, but it is not clear where the word came from. A faggot is a bundle of sticks, used for firewood and tied up for carrying around. In the 16th century it was used as an insulting term for a useless old woman as something that weighs you down, in the same way that luggage is sometimes used nowadays. But its quite a jump from 1592 to 1914 with nothing recorded in between. Gay men in the latter half of the 20th Century began using the term fag hag to refer to straight women who frequently gather at gay establishments, partly as an insult and partly because of the rhyme.Dyke Contrary to popular belief, the origin of the insult dyke1, in reference to lesbians, has nothing to do with waterways or canals. The word first appeared in 1710 in British newspaper stories about presumed homosexuals Anne Bonny and Mary Reed. The two women captained a very successful pirate venture and completed several moneymaking raids of the British Empire before agreeing to be interviewed. Reporters often noted their predilection for wearing mens cl othing, and one editorial avoided the unpleasant connotations of cross book binding by using a French word which refers to mens clothing, dike.Over the years, this term was corrupted to the modern form dyke. Since then, general mistake about the terms origins have inspired many stand-up comedy routines and bad puns. Polyamory, Polygamy, Monogamy The prefix poly- path many, while mono means one. The suffix gamy was originally from the French word for marriage, but has since been mis soundless as referring to sex. These terms refer to the number of consensual romantic partners taken by each adult in a family. Of course, the suffix amory refers to love.Polyamory is a relatively new term coined by modern practitioners, and is greatly preferred by them. Polygamy and the now defunct term bigamy were coined as early as 1800, as the practice of multiple marriages was outlawed in most Western nations. The state of Utah in the USA applied for Statehood three times before finally accepting an injunction against the polygamy practised at that time by the Mormon church. Polygamy is commonly understood as referring to heterosexual relationships where the man has multiple partners.However, with modern polyamory any combination of genders and orientations fulfills the definition. It is not necessary for all parties in a polyamorous relationship to be involved each with the other. Gay During the 1800s and early 1900s, gay was simply a state of jubilant happiness. However, during the late 1800s gay was sometimes used to describe prostitutes in much the same way that the phrase happy hookers is used today. One theory is that gay came into use to describe homosexual men because of the rise in number of male prostitutes during the 1900s. Another theory is that gay was

Causes of the Civil War Essay

North was opposed to slavery while the South was pro slavery The primary conflict of the civil war was whether the states had the right to decide what they wanted to do with slavery. (radical abolition vs pro slavery) One of the arising conflicts that led to the American Civil war was the growing abolition movement in the North which was an effort to end slavery in a nation that valued personal releasedom and believed wholly men are created equal. Abolitionists William Lloyd Garrison The interpreter of Abolitionism. Originally a supporter of colonization, Garrison changed his position and became the leader of the emerging anti-slavery movement.His publication, THE LIBERATOR, reached thousands of individuals worldwide. His ceaseless, uncompromising position on the moral outrage that was slavery made him love and hated by many Americans. Although The Liberator was Garrisons most prominent abolitionist activity, he had been involved in the fight to end slavery for eld prior to its publication. In 1831, Garrison published the first edition of The Liberator. His words, I am in earnest I will not equivocate I will not excuse. I will not retreat a single inch AND I WILL BE HEARD, clarified the position of the new-sprung(prenominal) ABOLITIONISTS. Garrison was not interested in compromise. He founded the NEW ENGLAND ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY the following year. Frederick Douglass Born a slave in Maryland escaped to MA in 1838, became an outspoken leader of antislavery sentiment. Douglass served as an adviser to President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War and fought for the adoption of constitutional amendments that guaranteed voting rights and other civil liberties for blacks. He provided a powerful voice then that was championing human rights. He is noneffervescent revered today for his contributions against racial injustice.He also helped people escape to the North from the tube-shaped structure Railroad. Pro Slavery John C. Calhoun He believed that slav ery was a good compulsive good. Calhoun endorsed slavery as a good a great good, base on his belief in the inequality inherent in the human race.Calhoun believed that people were motivated primarily by self-interest and that competition among them was a positive expression of human nature. The results of this competition were displayed for all to see in the social order those with the greatest talent and ability rose to the top, and the rest fell into commit beneath them.The concepts of liberty and equality, idealized during the Revolutionary period, were potentially destructive to this social order, Calhoun believed. With the stratification of society, those at the top were recognized as authority figures and respected for their proven wisdom and ability. If the revolutionary ideal of equality were taken too far, the authority of the elite would not be accepted. Without this authority, Calhoun argued, society would break down and the liberty of all men would be threatened.Polit ical short limits Dred Scott (1795-1858) was a slave who, in the 1840s, chose to sue his masters widow for his freedom. He argued that his master, John Emerson, escorted him onto free soil in Illinois and the Wisconsin Territory, and thus had legallyeven if inadvertently granted him freedom. In 1857, the case reached the United States Supreme Court. The Justices ruled against Scott. John Emersons widow had since remarried, and she returned Scott, his wife, and his daughters to their owners, the Blow family, in May 1857, just months after the ruling. Both Dred and Harriet Scott died shortly thereafter, never to witness the legacy of their fight.The Dred Scott case was a major event on the road to the Civil War. The Supreme Courts provocative opinionwhich stated flatly that blacks had no rights which the white man was bound to respect and jilted the right of any territory to ban slavery within its own bordersinflamed public opinion in the North, leading to a hardening of anti sla very attitudes and a surge in popularity for the new antislavery Republican Party. The south wanted less government control, and more state freedom, while the North welcomed the interchange power of a government. Because of the strong animosity toward abolitionists in the South and the thought that Abraham Lincoln embodied these abolitionist ideals, he was left off of the ballot in many Southern states, and the more radical of the states, including South Carolina, threatened to secede from the Union if Lincoln was elected president. Despite believing that the Republican Partys platforms were too moderate, abolitionist, for the large part, supported Lincoln. Lincoln lost the popular vote by nearly two million votes yet won the Electoral College by nearly sixty votes.Despite the fractured Democratic party, had they nominated only one president and still maintained all the votes the received between three candidates, they still would have lost the election regardless of also having m ore popular votes than Lincoln. The election itself is possibly the most significant election in American tarradiddle due to the monumental issue of slavery and how divided the country was, so divided that when Lincoln was elected (it was only the second national presidential running ever run by the newly formed Republican Party), radically proslavery states of the South kept true to their threat and seceded from the United States. (he was a free soiler, he was willing to let slavery stay in the south as long as it did not spread.) The South viewed the election of Abraham Lincoln, as president, as a threat to slavery. After Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, the South threatened to secede from the United States that questioned State Rights.Economic short and long term causes the vast majority of industrial manufacturing was taking place in the North. The South had almost 25% of the countrys free population, but only 10% of the countrys capital in 1860. The North had five times the number of factories as the South, and over ten times the number of factory workers. In addition, 90% of the nations skilled workers were in the North. The labor forces in the South and North were fundamentally different, as well. In the North, labor was expensive, and workers were mobile and active. The influx of immigrants from Europe and Asia provided competition in the labor market, however, keeping wages from growing very quickly. The Southern economy, however, was built on the labor of African American slaves, who were crush into providing cheap labor. Most Southern white families did not own slaves only about 384,000 out of 1.6 million did. Of those who did own slaves, most (88%) owned fewer than 20 slaves, and were considered farmers rather than planters. Slaves were concentrated on the large plantations of about 10,000 big planters, on which 50-100 or more slaves worked. Since Eli Whitneys 1793 invention of the cotton gin, the cotton industry became a lucra tive field for Southern planters and farmers. Utilizing slave labor, cotton planters and farmers could cut monetary values as they produced cotton for sale to other regions and for export to England. In exchange, Southern farmers and planters purchased fabricate goods from the North, food items from the West and merchandise luxuries like European designer clothes and furniture from England. The result of the Southern cotton industry served as an engine of growth for the entire nations economy in the antebellum (pre-war) years. The other critical economic issue that divided the North from the South was that of tariffs. Tariffs were taxes placed on imported goods, the money from which would go to the government Southern Congressmen generally opposed it and Northern Congressmen generally supported it. Southerners generally favored low tariffs because this kept the cost of imported goods low, which was important in the Souths import-oriented economy. Southern planters and farmers we re concerned that high tariffs might make their European trading partners, primarily the British, raise prices on manufactured goods imported by the South in order to maintain a profit on trade. North, however, high tariffs were viewed favorably because such tariffs would make imported goods more expensive. That way, goods produced in the North would seem relatively cheap, and Americans would want to buy American goods instead of European items. Since tariffs would protect domestic industry from foreign competition, backing interests and others influenced politicians to support high tariffs.